Bursitis

Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions between bones, tendons, muscles, and joints. The primary function of bursae is to reduce friction and facilitate smooth movement in joints like the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee. When these sacs become inflamed, it can cause pain and limit mobility.

Common Causes of Bursitis

1. Repetitive Motion or Pressure: Repeated movements, especially in sports (like throwing in baseball or tennis) or occupations (like carpentry or gardening), can irritate the bursae.
2. Trauma or Injury: A direct blow to a joint can cause the bursae to become inflamed.
3. Prolonged Pressure: Kneeling for long periods (as in cleaning or installing flooring) can lead to bursitis in the knee.
4. Infection: In rare cases, bursitis may develop due to infection (septic bursitis), usually from bacteria entering through a cut or scrape near the joint.
5. Underlying Conditions: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or osteoarthritis can predispose individuals to bursitis.

Symptoms of Bursitis

• Localized Pain: Usually a dull ache or sharp pain in the affected area, worsening with movement or pressure.
• Swelling: Visible swelling at the site of the inflamed bursa.
• Restricted Motion: Reduced range of motion in the joint.
• Redness and Warmth: If infection is the cause, the skin may become red and warm to the touch.

Common Types of Bursitis

1. Shoulder Bursitis (Subacromial Bursitis): Often seen in athletes or individuals who perform overhead activities. This can mimic rotator cuff issues.
2. Elbow Bursitis (Olecranon Bursitis): Caused by leaning on hard surfaces or repetitive motion.
3. Hip Bursitis (Trochanteric Bursitis): A common condition in runners and walkers, leading to pain on the outer part of the hip.
4. Knee Bursitis (Prepatellar Bursitis): Commonly referred to as “housemaid’s knee,” it affects those who kneel for extended periods.
5. Heel Bursitis (Retrocalcaneal Bursitis): Affects individuals who run or walk excessively, leading to pain behind the heel.

Diagnosis of Bursitis

Doctors can often diagnose bursitis based on symptoms and physical examination. Imaging tests like X-rays, ultrasounds, or MRIs might be used to rule out other conditions or to visualize inflammation. In cases of suspected infection, fluid may be withdrawn from the bursa for analysis.

Treatment Options for Bursitis

1. Rest: Avoiding activities that trigger pain is key to reducing inflammation.
2. Ice and Compression: Applying ice packs and compressing the area can reduce swelling and pain.
3. Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen can help manage inflammation and discomfort.
4. Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises may help reduce stress on the affected joint and prevent recurrence.
5. Steroid Injections: For severe cases, corticosteroid injections can provide significant relief by reducing inflammation.
6. Aspiration: In cases of significant swelling, fluid may be drained from the bursa to relieve pressure.
7. Surgery: Rarely, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected bursa if conservative treatments fail.

Prevention of Bursitis

• Modify Activities: Adjust activities that place excessive strain on your joints.
• Use Protective Gear: Wear knee pads or elbow pads to protect joints during activities.
• Strengthen Muscles: Engage in exercises that strengthen muscles around joints to reduce joint stress.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Reducing body weight can ease the pressure on weight-bearing joints, particularly the hips and knees.
• Take Breaks: For repetitive tasks, take frequent breaks to rest joints and reduce the chance of irritation.

Conclusion

Bursitis can be painful and limiting, but with proper care and treatment, most cases resolve without long-term issues. Prevention through mindful activities and strengthening exercises is key to avoiding recurrent bursitis. If you experience persistent pain or symptoms of infection, it’s important to seek medical attention for appropriate treatment. Get personalized care from a renowned pain physician in Hyderabad.